Academic Publications

Publications

Veterans’ Mates is committed to ensuring that its findings are captured and disseminated to advance the quality use of medicines and improve health outcomes of not only Australian veterans, but the wider community. A number of academic publications and presentations have arisen from the Veterans’ Mates program.
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Academic Publications

Precision public-health intervention for care coordination: a real-world study.
Andre Q Andrade, Jean-Pierre Calabretto, Nicole L Pratt, Lisa M Kalisch-Ellett, Vanessa T Le Blanc and Elizabeth E Roughead. Published: March 2023.
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Changing the Way We Treat Tinnitus.
Dr Russell Shute, Ms Natalie Blacker, Dr Mafalda Dias, Dr Oliver Frank and Professor Elizabeth Roughead. Published: January 2023.
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Reducing opioid use for chronic non-cancer pain in primary care using an evidence based, theory informed, multi-strategic, multi-stakeholder approach.
Anna K Moffat, Jemisha Apajee, Vanessa T Le Blanc, Kerrie Westaway, Andre Q Andrade, Emmae N Ramsay, Natalie Blacker, Nicole L Pratt and Elizabeth Ellen Roughead. Published: April 2023.
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Medicine-Induced Acute Kidney Injury Findings from Spontaneous Reporting Systems, Sequence Symmetry Analysis and a Case–Control Study with a Focus on Medicines Used in Primary Care.
Elizabeth E. Roughead, Mhairi Kerr, Anna Moffat, Gizat M. Kassie, Nicole Pratt. Drug Safety. Published: September 2022.
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Implementation and Evaluation of a Digitally Enabled Precision Public Health Intervention to Reduce Inappropriate Gabapentinoid Prescription: Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Andre Q Andrade, Jean-Pierre Calabretto, Nicole L Pratt, Lisa M Kalisch-Ellett, Gizat M Kassie, Vanessa T LeBlanc, Emmae Ramsay, Elizabeth E Roughead. Journal of Medical Internet Research. Published: January 2022.
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The Risk of Preoperative Central Nervous System‑Acting Medications on Delirium Following Hip or Knee Surgery: A Matched Case‑Control Study
Gizat M. Kassie, Elizabeth E. Roughead, Tuan A. Nguyen, Nicole L. Pratt, Lisa M. Kalisch Ellett. Drug Safety. Published: November 2021.
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A data visualisation method for assessing exposure misclassification in case-crossover studies: the example of tricyclic antidepressants and the risk of hip fracture in older people.
Michael J Leach, Elizabeth E Roughed, Nicole L Pratt. BMC Medical Research Methodology. Published: February 2021.
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Evaluation of renal function testing in older Australian veterans dispensed medicines that require renal function monitoring.
Lisa M Kalisch Ellett, Gizat M Kassie, Emmae N Ramsay, Nicole L Pratt, Elizabeth E Roughead. Drugs & Aging. Published: September 2021.
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Medication-related hospital admissions in aged care residents.
Kalisch Ellett LM, Kassie GM, Caughey GE, Pratt NL, Ramsay EN, Roughead EE. Australasian Journal on Ageing. Published: 27 June 2021.
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Variation in health service use by veterans with an accepted disability of post-traumatic stress disorder who had a service record post 1975: a cluster analysis.
Roughead EE, Ramsay EN, Kalisch Ellett LM, Khoo A, Moffat AK, Pratt NL. BMJ Military Health. Published: 5 February 2021.
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Responding to the under-utilisation of necessary health care in the time of COVID-19: a precision public health intervention.
Pratt NL, Andrade AQ, Kalisch Ellett LM, LeBlanc VT, Barratt J, Roughead EE. The Senior Care Pharmacist. Published: January 2021.
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Prevalence of multiple risk factors for poor outcomes associated with COVID-19 among an Australian population.
Pratt NL, Kalisch Ellett LM, Andrade AQ, LeBlanc VT, Barratt J, Roughead EE. Australian Journal of General Practice. Published: January 2021.
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Impact of a patient-specific national programme aimed at increasing the use of emollient moisturisers to reduce the risk of skin tears: a longitudinal cohort study.
Moffat AK, Westaway KP, Apajee J, Frank O, Shute R, Weston C, Blacker N, LeBlanc VT, Kalisch Ellett LM, Pratt NL, Roughead EE. BMJ Open. Published: 29 October 2020.
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Determinants of usefulness in professional behaviour change interventions: observational study of a 15-year national program.
Andrade A, LeBlanc VT, Kalisch-Ellett LM, Pratt NL, Moffat A, Blacker N, Westaway K, Barratt JD, Roughead EE. BMJ Open. Published: 14 October 2020.
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Use of health and support services by people living with dementia in the community setting.
Kalisch Ellett LM, Pratt NL, Nguyen TA, Roughead EE. Australasian Journal on Ageing. Published: 20 May 2020.
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Use of medicines associated with dry mouth and dental visits in an Australian cohort.
Moffat, A. K., Apajee, J., Pratt, N. L., Blacker, N., Le Blanc, V. T., & Roughead, E. E. Australian Dental Journal. Published: 12 February 2020.
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Use of analgesics following rescheduling of codeine in Australia: An interrupted time series analysis in the veteran population.
Kalisch Ellett LM, Kemp-Casey A, Kassie GM, Pratt NL, Roughead EE. International Journal of Drug Policy 2020; 81: 102767.
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Comorbidities in an Australian sample of chronic and new opioid users.
Moffat AK, Pratt NL, Kalisch Ellett LM, Ramsay EN, Roughead EE. Journal of Opioid Management 2020; 16(2): 103-110.
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Risk of chronic opioid use in older persons with pre-existing anxiety.
Moffat AK, Pratt NL, Kerr M, Kalisch Ellett LM, Roughead EE. Journal of Opioid Management 2019; 16(1): 59-66.
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Reduction in use of risperidone for dementia in Australia following changed guidelines.
Kalisch Ellett LM, Moffat AK, Gadzhanova S, Pratt NL, Apajee J, Woodward M, Roughead EE. Pharmacy 2019; 7(3), 100; Published: 22 July 2019.
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Combination psychotropic medicine use in older adults and risk of hip fracture.
Westaway K, Blacker N, Shute R, Allin R, Elgebaly Z, Frank O, Pratt NL, Roughead EE. Australian Prescriber 2019;42:93-6, 3 June 2019.
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Prevalence and Duration of Use of Medicines Recommended for Short-Term Use in Aged Care Facility Residents.
Kalisch Ellett LM, Kassie GM, Pratt NL, Kerr M, Roughead EE. Pharmacy June 2019.
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Persistence with opioids post discharge from hospitalisation for surgery in Australian adults: a retrospective cohort study.
Roughead EE, Lim R, Ramsay EN, Moffat AK, Pratt NL. BMJ Open. Published: 2019: 9: e023990
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Use of medicines and health services for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among a cohort of Australians over 50 years.
Lim R, Kerr M, Roughead EE. International Journal of COPD. Published: 4 October 2018: 13 3085-3093.
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The extent of antipsychotic use in Australian residential aged care facilities and interventions shown to be effective in reducing antipsychotic use: A literature review.
Westaway K, Sluggett J, Alderman C, Moffat A, Proctor N, Roughead E. Dementia. Published: 28 August 2018.
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Reducing hypnotic use in insomnia management among Australian veterans: results from repeated national interventions.
Kalisch Ellett LM, Lim R, Pratt NL, Kerr M, Ramsay EN, Le Blanc TV, Barratt JD, Roughead EE. BMC Health Services Research. Published: August 9, 2018 – Open Access.
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Analgesic use in Vietnam veterans with musculoskeletal pain.
Kalisch Ellett LM, Pratt NL, Roughead EE. Journal of Military and Veterans’ Health. Published: Vol. 26, No. 3, Jul 2018: 28-35
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Sustaining practice change in health care: the impact of a national quality improvement program on the uptake of collaborative medicines reviews.
Kalisch Ellett L, Pratt N, Sluggett J, Ramsay E, Kerr M, Le Blanc V, Barratt J, Gilbert A, Roughead E. Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research. Published online 15 June 2018
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The validity of the Rx-Risk comorbidity index using medicines mapped to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification system.
Pratt N, Kerr M, Barratt J, Kemp-Casey A, Kalisch Ellett L, Ramsay E, Roughead E. BMJ Open. Accepted 22 March 2018
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Gathering tips from carers to support people with dementia; an adaptation of the TOP 5 program for community use.
Westaway K, Frank O, Schutte R, Rowett D, Blacker N, Le Blanc V, Moffat A, Roughead E. Int J Evid Based Healthc. 2018 Feb 9. doi: 10.1097/XEB.0000000000000136. [Epub ahead of print]
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Antipsychotic polypharmacy in older Australians.
Lisa M. Kalisch Ellett, Nicole L. Pratt, Mhairi Kerr and Elizabeth E. Roughead. Int Psychogeriatr 2017 Nov 10:1-8. doi: 10.1017/S1041610217001934. [Epub ahead of print]
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The Risk of Hip Fracture Due to Mirtazapine Exposure When Switching Antidepressants or Using Other Antidepressants as Add-On Therapy.
Leach MJ, Pratt NL, Roughead EE. Drugs Real World Outcomes 2017 Dec;4(4):247-255. doi: 10.1007/s40801-017-0120-y
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Minimising fracture risk in older people taking long-term oral corticosteroids.
Kerrie Westaway, Oliver Frank, Alan Husband, Anna McClure, Russell Shute, Jane Curtis. Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research (2017) 47, 158–162
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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Antipsychotic Use and Risk of Dementia in Veterans.
Roughead EE, Pratt NL, Kalisch Ellett LM, Ramsay EN, Barratt JD, Morris P, Killer G. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2017 Mar 17. doi: 10.1111/jgs.14837 [Epub ahead of print]
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Patient-specific prescriber feedback can increase the rate of osteoporosis screening and treatment: results from two national interventions.
Kalisch Ellett LM, Pratt NL, Sluggett JK, Ramsay EN, Kerr M, LeBlanc VT, Barratt JD, Roughead EE. Arch Osteoporos. 2017 Dec;12(1):17. doi: 10.1007/s11657-017-0309-4. Epub 2017 Feb 10
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Increased risk of hospital admission for dehydration or heat-related illness after initiation of medicines: a sequence symmetry analysis.
Kalisch Ellett LM, Pratt NL, Le Blanc VT, Westaway K, Roughead EE. J Clin Pharm Ther.2016 Oct;41(5):503-7. doi: 10.1111/jcpt.12418. Epub 2016 Jul 4
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Use of proton pump inhibitors among older Australians: national quality improvement programmes have led to sustained practice change.
Pratt NL, Kalisch Ellett LM, Sluggett JK, Gadzhanova SV, Ramsay EN, Kerr M, LeBlanc VT, Barratt JD, Roughead EE. Int J Qual Health Care. 2016 Dec 4 [Epub ahead of print]
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Central Nervous System-Acting Medicines and Risk of Hospital Admission for Confusion, Delirium, or Dementia.
Kalisch Ellett LM, Pratt NL, Ramsay EN, Sluggett JK, Barratt JD, Roughead EE. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2016 Mar 24. pii: S1525-8610(16)00108-0. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2016.02.008 [Epub ahead of print]
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Survival after initiation of androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer of elderly Australian men.
Gadzhanova S, Roughead EE. Cancer Epidemiology; 39 (6): 854859
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Commitment questions targeting patients promotes uptake of under-used health services: Findings from a national quality improvement program in Australia.
Nicole L. Pratt, Lisa M. Kalisch Ellett, Janet K. Sluggett, Emmae N. Ramsay, Mhairi Kerr, Vanessa T. LeBlanc, John D. Barratt, Elizabeth E. Roughead. Soc Sci Med. 2015 Nov;145:1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.09.019. Epub 2015 Sep 14
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Medicines can affect thermoregulation and accentuate the risk of dehydration and heat-related illness during hot weather.
Westaway K, Frank O, Husband A, McClure A, Shute R, Edwards S, Curtis J and Rowett D. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, 2015 Jun 13. doi: 10.1111/jcpt.12294
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Multiple Anticholinergic Medication Use and Risk of Hospital Admission for Confusion or Dementia.
Kalisch Ellett LM, Pratt NL, Ramsay EN, Barratt JD and Roughead EE. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2014 Oct 3. doi: 10.1111/jgs.13054
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Association between Ophthalmic Timolol and Hospitalisation for Bradycardia.
Nicole L. Pratt, Emmae N. Ramsay, Lisa M. Kalisch Ellett, Tuan A. Nguyen and Elizabeth E. Roughead. Journal of Ophthalmology, Article
ID 567387
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Safe use of statins in elderly people.
Kerrie P Westaway, Oliver R Frank, Alan J Husband, Debra Rowett, Simone Rossi, Tammy Le Blanc and Russell Shute. Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research, Volume 44, Issue 3, pages 138–142, September 2014
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Association between use of multiple psychoactive medicines and hospitalization for falls: retrospective analysis of a large healthcare claim database.
Pratt NL , Ramsay EN , Kalisch Ellett LM , Nguyen TA , Barratt JD and Roughead EE . Drug Safety July 2014, Volume 37, Issue 7 , pp 529 - 535
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Optimising Therapy for Patients with Neuropathic Pain.
Kerrie P Westaway, Christopher P Alderman, Oliver R Frank, Alan J Husband, Debra Rowett and Tammy Le Blanc. Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research Volume 44, No 1, 2014
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Risk of Medication - Associated Initiation of Oxybutynin in Elderly Men and Women.
Lisa M Kalisch Ellett, Nicole L Pratt, John D Barratt, Debra Rowett and Elizabeth E Roughead. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2014 Mar 17. doi: 10.1111/jgs.12741
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Proton pump inhibitors and the risk of pneumonia: a comparison of cohort and self - controlled case series designs.
Ramsay EN, Pratt NL, Ryan P, Roughead EE. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2013 Jun 24;13:82. doi: 10.1186/1471-2288-13-82
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Home Medicines Reviews: Extent of Uptake by High-Risk Veterans.
Lisa M Kalisch Ellett, Emmae N Ramsay, John D Barratt, Andrew L Gilbert, Elizabeth E Roughead. Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research Vol 43, No 3, 2013, 182-186
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Bridging evidence-practice gaps: improving use of medicines in elderly Australian veterans.
Elizabeth E Roughead, Lisa M Kalisch Ellett, Emmae N Ramsay, Nicole L Pratt, John D Barratt, Vanessa T LeBlanc, Philip Ryan, Robert Peck, Graeme Killer and Andrew L Gilbert. BMC Health Service Research 2013, 13:514 doi:10.1186/1472-6963-13-514
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What Analgesics Do Older People Use Prior to Initiating Oxycodone for Non-Cancer Pain? A Retrospective Database Study.
Gadzhanova S, Bell JS, Roughead EE. Drugs & Aging 2013 Sep 4, 10.1007/s40266-013-0115-7
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Prescribing for older people with chronic renal impairment.
Bell JS, Blacker N, Le Blanc T, Alderman CP, Phillips A, Rowett D, Rossi S, Frank O, Husband A. Australian Family Physician. 2013 Jan/Feb; Vol 42, No 1/2
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Managing glaucoma in those with co-morbidity: not as easy as it seems.
Roughead, EE, Kalisch, LM, Pratt, NL, Killer, G, Barnard A, Gilbert, AL. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2012 Apr;19(2): 74-82. doi: 10.3109/09286586.2011.638743. Epub 2012 Feb 24
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Osteoporosis Pharmacological prevention and management in older people.
Bell JS, Blacker N, Edwards S, Frank O, Alderman CP, Karan L, Husband A, Rowett D. Australian Family Physician. 2012 Mar; Vol 41, No 3
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Anticholinergic and sedative medicines - Prescribing considerations for people with dementia.
Bell JS, Mezrani C, Blacker N, Le Blanc T, Frank O, Alderman CP, Rossi S, Rowett D, Shute R. Australian Family Physician. 2012 Jan-Feb;41(1-2):45-9
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Prescriber Feedback to Improve Quality Use of Medicines among Older People: the Veterans’ MATES Program.
Bell JS, Kalisch LM, Ramsay EN, Pratt NL, Barratt JD, LeBlanc T, Roughead EE, Gilbert AL. Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research, Volume 41, No. 4, 2011, 316-319
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A self-controlled case series to assess the effectiveness of beta blockers for heart failure in reducing hospitalisations in the elderly.
Ramsay EN, Roughead EE, Ewald B, Pratt NL, Ryan P. BMC Medical Research Methodology. 2011 Jul 18;11:106
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Risk of hospitalization for hip fracture and pneumonia associated with antipsychotic prescribing in the elderly: a self controlled case-series analysis in an Australian health care claims database.
Pratt N, Roughead EE, Ramsay E, Salter A, Ryan P. Drug Safety 2011 Jul 1;34(7):567-75
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Collaborative home medicines review delays time to next hospitalization for warfarin associated bleeding in Australian war veterans.
Roughead EE, Barratt JD, Ramsay E, Pratt N, Ryan P, Peck R, Killer G, Gilbert AL. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics 2011 Feb;36(1):27-32
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Prevalence of preventable medication-related hospitalisations in Australia: an opportunity to reduce harm.
Kalisch LM, Caughey GE, Barratt J, Ramsay EN, Killer G, Gilbert AL, Roughead EE. International Journal for Quality in Healthcare Jan 2011
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Use of health services and medicines amongst Australian war veterans: a comparison of young and elderly, near centenarians and centenarians.
Roughead EE, Kalisch LM, Ramsay EN, Ryan P, Gilbert AL. BMC Geriatrics 2010 Nov 4;10:83
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Prevalence of potentially hazardous drug interactions amongst Australian veterans.
Roughead EE, Kalisch LM, Barratt JD, Gilbert AL. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 2010 Aug;70(2):252-7
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Improving heart failure outcomes with pharmacist-physician collaboration: how close are we?
Kalisch LM, Roughead EE, Gilbert AL. Future Cardiology 2010 Mar;6(2):255-68
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Differential impact of NSAIDs on rate of adverse events that require hospitalization in high-risk and general veteran populations: a retrospective cohort study.
Pratt N, Roughead EE, Ryan P, Gilbert AL. Drugs & Aging. 2010;27(1):63-71
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Continuity of care: when do patients visit community health care providers after leaving hospital?
Roughead EE, Kalisch LM, Ramsay EN, Ryan P, Gilbert AL. Internal medicine journal 2009 Oct 22
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The effectiveness of collaborative medicine reviews in delaying time to next hospitalisation for heart failure patients in the practice setting: results of a cohort study.
Elizabeth E. Roughead, John D. Barratt, Emmae Ramsay, Nicole Pratt, Philip Ryan, Robert Peck, Graeme Killer, Andrew L. Gilbert. Circulation: Heart Failure 2009 Sep;2(5):424-8
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Proton-pump inhibitors and the risk of antibiotic use and hospitalisation for pneumonia.
Roughead EE, Ramsay EN, Pratt NL, Ryan P, Gilbert AL. Medical Journal of Australia 2009 Feb 2;190(3):114-6
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Medication adherence, first episode duration, overall duration and time without therapy: the example of bisphosphonates.
Roughead EE, Ramsay E, Priess K, Barratt J, Ryan P, Gilbert AL. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety 2009 Jan;18(1):69-75
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NSAID use in individuals at risk of renal adverse events: an observational study to investigate trends in Australian veterans.
Roughead EE, Ramsay E, Pratt N, Gilbert AL. Drug Safety 2008;31(11):997-1003
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Reducing the risk of adverse thrombotic events - The role of aspirin and clopidogrel.
Leslie Jackowski, Nigel Stocks, Debra Rowett. Australian Family Physician Sept 2008 Vol 37,(9)689-784
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Medication Use by Australian War Veterans in Residential Aged-Care Facilities.
Elizabeth E Roughead, Andrew L Gilbert, Michael C Woodward. Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research Vol 38, No. 1, March 2008
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Beta blockers in systolic heart failure.
Leslie Jackowski, Roshmeen Azam. Australian Family Physician March 2008 Vol 37, (3) 137-139
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Diabetes processes of care in the Australian veteran population.
Roughead EE, Barratt J, Gilbert AL, Peck R, Killer G. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 2008 Feb;79(2):299-304
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Lipid lowering therapy for adults with diabetes.
Leslie Jackowski, Josephine Crockett, Debra Rowett. Australian Family Physician Jan/Feb 2008 Vol 37, (1/2) 39–41
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Improving medication safety: influence of a patient-specific prescriber feedback program on rate of medication reviews performed by Australian general medical practitioners.
Roughead E, Pratt N, Peck R, Gilbert A. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety 2007 Jul;16(7):797-803
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Trends over 5 years in cardiovascular medicine use in Australian veterans with diabetes.
Roughead EE, Pratt N, Gilbert AL. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 2007 Jul;64(1):100-4
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Potentially inappropriate prescribing among Australian veterans and war widows/widowers.
Roughead EE, Anderson B, Gilbert AL. Internal medicine journal 2007 Jun;37(6):402-5
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Antidepressants: prevalence of duplicate therapy and avoidable drug interactions in Australian veterans.
Roughead EE, McDermott B, Gilbert AL. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 2007 Apr;41(4):366-70
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Academic Publications - PhD Students

Risk of hip fracture in older people using selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and other psychoactive medicines concurrently: a matched case-control study in Australia
Michael J Leach, Nicole L Pratt, Elizabeth E Roughead. Drugs – Real World Outcomes. 2017; 4(2), 87-96 DOI: 10.1007/s40801-017-0107-8
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Construct validity of four frailty measures in an older Australian population: a Rasch analysis.
Widagdo I, Pratt N, Russell M, Roughead EE. The Journal of Frailty & Aging (2016) [EPub ahead of print]
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Predictive performance of four frailty measures in an older Australian population.
Imaina S. Widagdo, Nicole Pratt, Mary Russell and Elizabeth E. Roughead. Age Ageing (2015) 44 (6): 967-972. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afv144
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How common is frailty in older Australians?
Widagdo I, Pratt N, Russell M and Roughead L. Australasian Journal on Ageing, 2015 Jun 2. doi: 10.1111/ajag.12184
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Psychoactive medicine use and the risk of hip fracture in older people: a case-crossover study.
Michael J. Leach, Nicole L. Pratt and Elizabeth E. Roughead. Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety (2015). Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com) DOI: 10.1002/pds.3785
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Medicine use among the elderly before and after hip fracture. Australian Journal of Pharmacy.
Leach MJ, Pratt NL, Roughead EE. Australian Journal of Pharmacy. 2014; 95(1125): 74-76 [Republished by the Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia]
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Medicine use among older Australians before and after hip fracture.
Leach MJ, Pratt NL, Roughead EE. Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research. 2013; 43(4):265-268
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Choice of observational study design impacts on measurement of antipsychotic risks in the elderly: a systematic review.
Pratt N, Roughead EE, Salter A, Ryan P. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2012 Jun 8;12:72
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Factors associated with choice of antipsychotic treatment in elderly veterans: potential confounders for observational studies
Pratt N, Roughead EE, Salter A, Ryan P. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2010 Dec;34(6):589-93. doi:10.1111/j.1753-6405.2010.00613.x. Epub 2010 Oct 7
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Risk of hospitalization for stroke associated with antipsychotic use in the elderly: a self-controlled case series.
Pratt N, Roughead EE, Ramsay E, Salter A, Ryan P. Drugs & Ageing 2010 Nov 1;27(11):885-93
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Antipsychotics and the risk of death in the elderly: an instrumental variable analysis using two preference based instruments.
Pratt N, Roughead EE, Ryan P, Salter A. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety 2010 Jul;19(7):699-707
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Brand substitution or multiple switches per patient? An analysis of pharmaceutical brand substitution in Australia.
Kalisch, LM, Roughead, EE, Gilbert, AL. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2008 Jun;17(6):620-5. doi: 10.1002/pds.1580
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Pharmaceutical brand substitution in Australia - are there multiple switches per prescription?
Kalisch, LM, Roughead, EE, Gilbert, AL. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2007 Aug;31(4):348-52
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